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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 4, 2841-2845, January 23, 2004

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Small-angle X-ray Scattering-based Three-dimensional Reconstruction of the Immunogen KLH1 Reveals Different Oxygen-dependent Conformations^*

Hermann Hartmann, André Bongers, and Heinz Decker

From the Institut für Molekulare Biophysik, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany

For decades the respiratory protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH1) from the marine gastropod Megathura crenulata has been used widely as a potent immunostimulant, useful hapten carrier, and valuable agent in the treatment of bladder carcinoma. Although much information on the immunological properties of KLH1 is available, biochemical and structural data are still incomplete. Small-angle x-ray scattering revealed the existence of two conformations, an oxy state being slightly more compact than the deoxy state. Based on small-angle scattering curves, a newly developed Monte Carlo algorithm delivered a surface representation of proteins. The massive changes of the surfaces of reconstructed didecameric KLH1 molecules are explained as a twist of the two non-covalently associated decameric half-molecules. Upon oxygenation, the KLH1 molecule becomes longer and skinnier. This study provides the first real evidence how a molluscan hemocyanin changes conformation during an allosteric transition.

Received for publication, August 13, 2003 , and in revised form, October 17, 2003.

^* This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum (Mainz, Germany), the Materialwissenschaftliches Forschungszentrum (Mainz, Germany), and the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence may be addressed: Institut für Molekulare Biophysik, Universität Mainz, Jakob Welder Weg 26, 55128 Mainz, Germany. Tel.: 49-6131-393570; Fax: 49-6131-393557; E-mail: decker{at}biophysik.biologie.uni-mainz.de (H. D.) and hartmann{at}biophysik.biologie.uni-mainz.de (H. H.).

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