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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 44, 45926-45934, October 29, 2004

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A Soluble Form of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) with S252W Mutation Acts as an Efficient Inhibitor for the Enhanced Osteoblastic Differentiation Caused by FGFR2 Activation in Apert Syndrome^*

Yukiho Tanimoto, Masahiko Yokozeki, Kenji Hiura, Kazuya Matsumoto, Hideki Nakanishi, Toshio Matsumoto¶, Pierre J. Marie||, and Keiji Moriyama**

From the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan, the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and ^¶Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan, and the ^||Laboratory of Osteoblast Biology and Pathology, INSERM U 606, Lariboisière Hospital, 75475 Paris, France

Apert syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by craniosynostosis and bony syndactyly associated with point mutations (S252W and P253R) in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 2 that cause FGFR2 activation. Here we investigated the role of the S252W mutation of FGFR2 on osteoblastic differentiation. Osteoblastic cells derived from digital bone in two Apert patients with the S252W mutation showed more prominent alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin and osteopontin mRNA expression, and mineralized nodule formation compared with the control osteoblastic cells derived from two independent non-syndromic polydactyly patients. Stable clones of the human MG63 osteosarcoma cells (MG63-Ap and MG63-IIIc) overexpressing a splice variant form of FGFR2 with or without the S252W mutation (FGFR2IIIcS252W and FGFR2IIIc) showed a higher RUNX2 mRNA expression than parental MG63 cells. Furthermore MG63-Ap exhibited a higher osteopontin mRNA expression than did MG63-IIIc. The enhanced osteoblastic marker gene expression and mineralized nodule formation of the MG63-Ap was inhibited by the conditioned medium from the COS-1 cells overexpressing the soluble FGFR2IIIcS252W. Furthermore the FGF2-induced osteogenic response in the mouse calvarial organ culture system was blocked by the soluble FGFR2IIIcS252W. These results show that the S252W mutation in the FGFR2 gene enhances the osteoblast phenotype in human osteoblasts and that a soluble FGFR2 with the S252W mutation controls osteoblast differentiation induced by the S252W mutation through a dominant negative effect on FGFR2 signaling in Apert syndrome.

Received for publication, April 30, 2004 , and in revised form, August 12, 2004.

^* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^** To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Inst. of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan. Tel.: 81-88-633-7356; Fax: 81-88-633-9138; E-mail: moriyama{at}dent.tokushima-u.ac.jp.

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