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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M408584200 on September 3, 2004

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 45, 46700-46705, November 5, 2004
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Endothelin-1-induced Prostaglandin E2-EP2, EP4 Signaling Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production and Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Invasion*

Francesca Spinella{ddagger}§, Laura Rosanò{ddagger}, Valeriana Di Castro{ddagger}, Pier Giorgio Natali¶, and Anna Bagnato{ddagger}||

From the Laboratories of {ddagger}Molecular Pathology and Ultrastructure and Immunology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00158 Rome, Italy

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1- and COX-2-derived prostaglandins are implicated in the development and progression of several malignancies. We have recently demonstrated that treatment of ovarian carcinoma cells with endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces expression of both COX-1 and COX-2, which contributes to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. In this study, we show that in HEY and OVCA 433 ovarian carcinoma cells, ET-1, through the binding with ETA receptor (ETAR), induces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, as the more represented PG types, and increases the expression of PGE2 receptor type 2 (EP2) and type 4 (EP4). The use of pharmacological EP agonists and antagonists indicates that ET-1 and PGE2 stimulate VEGF production principally through EP2 and EP4 receptors. At the mechanistic level, we prove that the induction of PGE2 and VEGF by ET-1 involves Src-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. Finally, we demonstrate that ETAR-mediated activation of PGE2-dependent signaling participates in the regulation of the invasive behavior of ovarian carcinoma cells by activating tumor-associated matrix metalloproteinase. These results implicate EP2 and EP4 receptors in the induction of VEGF expression and cell invasiveness by ET-1 and provide a mechanism by which ETAR/ET-1 can promote and interact with PGE2-dependent machinery to amplify its proangiogenic and invasive phenotype in ovarian carcinoma cells. Pharmacological blockade of ETAR can therefore represent an additional strategy to control PGE2 signaling, which has been associated with ovarian carcinoma progression.


Received for publication, July 28, 2004 , and in revised form, September 2, 2004.

* This work was supported by grants from the Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro, the Ministero della Salute, and from MIUR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

§ Recipient of fellowship from Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro.

|| To whom correspondence should be addressed: Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Ultrastructure, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messi d'Oro 156, 00158 Rome, Italy. Tel.: 39-06-52662565; Fax: 39-06-52662505; E-mail: bagnato{at}ifo.it.


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