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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 49, 50781-50789, December 3, 2004

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Drosophila Short Neuropeptide F Regulates Food Intake and Body Size^*

Kyu-Sun Lee, Kwan-Hee You¶, Jong-Kil Choo, Yong-Mahn Han, and Kweon Yu||

From the Laboratory of Development and Differentiation, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Eoun-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejeon, 395-333, Korea, the Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Korea, and the ^¶School of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea

Neuropeptides regulate a wide range of animal behavior including food consumption, circadian rhythms, and anxiety. Recently, Drosophila neuropeptide F, which is the homolog of the vertebrate neuropeptide Y, was cloned, and the function of Drosophila neuropeptide F in feeding behaviors was well characterized. However, the function of the structurally related short neuropeptide F (sNPF) was unknown. Here, we report the cloning, RNA, and peptide localizations, and functional characterizations of the Drosophila sNPF gene. The sNPF gene encodes the preprotein containing putative RLRF amide peptides and was expressed in the nervous system of late stage embryos and larvae. The embryonic and larval localization of the sNPF peptide in the nervous systems revealed the larval central nervous system neural circuit from the neurons in the brain to thoracic axons and to connective axons in the ventral ganglion. In the adult brain, the sNPF peptide was localized in the medulla and the mushroom body. However, the sNPF peptide was not detected in the gut. The sNPF mRNA and the peptide were expressed during all developmental stages from embryo to adult. From the feeding assay, the gain-of-function sNPF mutants expressed in nervous systems promoted food intake, whereas the loss-of-function mutants suppressed food intake. Also, sNPF overexpression in nervous systems produced bigger and heavier flies. These findings indicate that the sNPF is expressed in the nervous systems to control food intake and regulate body size in Drosophila melanogaster.

Received for publication, July 12, 2004 , and in revised form, September 8, 2004.

^* This work was supported by Grant RO1–2003-000-10762-0 of the Basic Research Program from Korea Science & Engineering Foundation and a grant from Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Initiative Program. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the DDBJ/GenBank^TM/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) AY626808.

^|| To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 82-42-860-4642; Fax: 82-42-860-4608; E-mail: kweonyu{at}kribb.re.kr.

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