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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M408830200 on September 8, 2004

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 49, 51581-51589, December 3, 2004
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Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Control of Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis Is Critical for Zebrafish Intestinal Development and Differentiation*

Lincoln D. Nadauld{ddagger}§, Imelda T. Sandoval§, Stephanie Chidester§, H. Joseph Yost{ddagger}§, and David A. Jones{ddagger}§¶||

From the Departments of {ddagger}Oncological Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry and the §Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112

Mutations in the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) tumor suppressor gene cause uncontrolled proliferation and impaired differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. Recent studies indicate that human colon adenomas and carcinomas lack retinol dehydrogenases (RDHs) and that APC regulates the expression of human RDHL. These data suggest a model wherein APC controls enterocyte differentiation by controlling retinoic acid production. However, the importance of APC and retinoic acid in mediating control of normal enterocyte development and differentiation remains unclear. To examine the relationship between APC and retinoic acid biosynthesis in normal enterocytes, we have identified two novel zebrafish retinol dehydrogenases, termed zRDHA and zRDHB, that show strong expression within the gut of developing zebrafish embryos. Morpholino knockdown of either APC or zRDHB in zebrafish embryos resulted in defects in structures known to require retinoic acid. These defects included cardiac abnormalities, pericardial edema, failed jaw and pectoral fin development, and the absence of differentiated endocrine and exocrine pancreas. In addition, APC or zRDHB morphant fish developed intestines that lacked columnar epithelial cells and failed to express the differentiation marker intestinal fatty acid-binding protein. Treatment of either APC or zRDHB morphant embryos with retinoic acid rescued the defective phenotypes. Downstream of retinoic acid production, we identified hoxc8 as a retinoic acid-induced gene that, when ectopically expressed, rescued phenotypes of APC- and zRDHB-deficient zebrafish. Our data establish a genetic link supporting a critical role for retinoic acid downstream of APC and confirm the importance of retinoic acid in enterocyte differentiation.


Received for publication, August 3, 2004 , and in revised form, August 26, 2004.

* This work was supported by American Cancer Society Grant RSG-02-141-01, National Cancer Institute Grant CA073992-06A1, and funds from the Huntsman Cancer Foundation. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

|| To whom correspondence should be addressed: Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Rm. 5262, Salt Lake City, UT 84112. Tel.: 801-585-6107; E-mail: david.jones{at}hci.utah.edu.


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