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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 5, 3408-3412, January 30, 2004

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Involvement of Phospholipase D1 in Melanogenesis of Mouse B16 Melanoma Cells^*

Kenji Ohguchi, Yoshiko Banno¶, Yukihiro Akao, and Yoshinori Nozawa

From the Gifu International Institute of Biotechnology, 1-1 Naka-Fudogaoka, Kakamigahara, Gifu 504-0838, Japan and ^¶Department of Biochemistry, Gifu University School of Medicine, Tsukasamachi-40, Gifu 500-8705, Japan

In response to -melanocyte-stimulating hormone (-MSH) or cAMP-elevating agents (forskolin and isobutylmethylxanthine), mouse B16 melanoma cells underwent differentiation characterized by increased melanin biosynthesis. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the regulation of melanogenesis during differentiation has not yet been clearly understood. Phospholipase D (PLD) has been reported to be involved in differentiation. This enzyme cleaves phosphatidylcholine upon stimulation with stimuli to generate phosphatidic acid. In the current study, the involvement of PLD in the regulation of melanogenesis characteristic of differentiation was examined using mouse B16 melanoma cells. Treatment of B16 cells with -MSH was found to cause marked decreases in the PLD1 activity concurrent with its reduced protein level. Moreover, treatment of exogenous bacterial PLD also inhibited -MSH-induced melanogenesis. To further investigate the role of PLD1 in the regulation of melanogenesis, we examined the effects of overexpression of PLD1 on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. The B16 cells overexpressing PLD were prepared by transfection with the vector containing the cDNA encoding PLD1. The melanin contents in PLD1-overexpressing cells (B16/PLD1) were observed to be lower compared with those in the vector control cells (B16/Vec), concomitant with the decreases in both activity and protein level of tyrosinase, a key regulatory enzyme in melanogenesis. Moreover, overexpression of PLD1 resulted in a marked inhibition of melanogenesis induced by -MSH. The inhibition of melanogenesis was well correlated with the decrease in the tyrosinase activity associated with its expression. These results indicated that PLD1 negatively regulated the melanogenic signaling by modulating the expression of tyrosinase in mouse B16 melanoma cells.

Received for publication, July 24, 2003 , and in revised form, October 24, 2003.

^* This work was supported in part by Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas 10212204, a Special Coordination Fund for Promoting Science and Technology from the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, and Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research (B) 12470042 and (C) 12680633 from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 81-583-71-4646; Fax: 81-583-71-4412; E-mail: kohguchi{at}giib.or.jp.

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