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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M307076200 on November 14, 2003

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 6, 5025-5034, February 6, 2004
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Interplay between Estrogen Response Element Sequence and Ligands Controls in Vivo Binding of Estrogen Receptor to Regulated Genes*

Adam J. Krieg{ddagger}, Sacha A. Krieg§, Bonnie S. Ahn, and David J. Shapiro¶

From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3602

To examine the role of the estrogen response element (ERE) sequence in binding of liganded estrogen receptor (ER) to promoters, we analyzed in vivo interaction of liganded ER with the imperfect ERE in the pS2 gene and the composite estrogen-responsive unit (ERU) in the proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI-9) gene. In transient transfections of ER-positive HepG2-ER7 cells, PI-9 was strongly induced by estrogen, moxestrol (MOX), and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT). PI-9 was not induced by raloxifene or ICI 182,780. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR showed that moxestrol strongly induced cellular PI-9 and pS2 mRNAs, whereas OHT moderately induced PI-9 mRNA and weakly induced pS2 mRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated strong and similar association of 17{beta}-estradiol-hER{alpha} and MOX-hER{alpha} with the PI-9 ERU and with the pS2 ERE. Binding of MOX-hER{alpha} to the PI-9 ERU and the pS2 ERE was rapid and continuous. Although MOX-hER{alpha} bound strongly to the PI-9 ERU and less well to the pS2 ERE in chromatin immunoprecipitation, gel shift assays showed that estrogen-hER{alpha} binds with higher affinity to the deproteinized pS2 ERE than to the PI-9 ERU. Across a broad range of OHT concentrations, OHT-hER{alpha} associated strongly with the pS2 ERE and weakly with the PI-9 ERU. ICI-hER{alpha} bound poorly to the PI-9 ERU and effectively to the pS2 ERE. Raloxifene-hER{alpha} and MOX-hER{alpha} exhibited similar binding to the PI-9 ERU and the pS2 ERE. These studies demonstrate that ER ligand and ERE sequence work together to regulate in vivo binding of ER to estrogen-responsive promoters.


Received for publication, July 2, 2003 , and in revised form, November 13, 2003.

* This research was supported by NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Grant HD-16720. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

{ddagger} Present address: Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94303-5152.

§ Present address: Stanford University Hospital, Dept. of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rm. HH-333, Stanford, CA 94305-5152.

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801-3602. Tel.: 217-333-1788; Fax: 217-244-5858; E-mail: djshapir{at}uiuc.edu.


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