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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 10, 9297-9307, March 11, 2005

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Novel Function for Receptor Activity-modifying Proteins (RAMPs) in Post-endocytic Receptor Trafficking^*

Jennifer M. Bomberger, Narayanan Parameswaran, Carolyn S. Hall, Nambi Aiyar¶, and William S. Spielman||

From the Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 and the ^¶Department of Vascular Biology, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406

RAMPs (1–3) are single transmembrane accessory proteins crucial for plasma membrane expression, which also determine receptor phenotype of various G-protein-coupled receptors. For example, adrenomedullin receptors are comprised of RAMP2 or RAMP3 (AM1R and AM2R, respectively) and calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), while a CRLR heterodimer with RAMP1 yields a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor. The major aim of this study was to determine the role of RAMPs in receptor trafficking. We hypothesized that a PDZ type I domain present in the C terminus of RAMP3, but not in RAMP1 or RAMP2, leads to protein-protein interactions that determine receptor trafficking. Employing adenylate cyclase assays, radioligand binding, and immunofluorescence microscopy, we observed that in HEK293 cells the CRLR-RAMP complex undergoes agonist-stimulated desensitization and internalization and fails to resensitize (i.e. degradation of the receptor complex). Co-expression of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) with the CRLR-RAMP3 complex, but not CRLR-RAMP1 or CRLR-RAMP2 complex, altered receptor trafficking to a recycling pathway. Mutational analysis of RAMP3, by deletion and point mutations, indicated that the PDZ motif of RAMP3 interacts with NSF to cause the change in trafficking. The role of RAMP3 and NSF in AM2R recycling was confirmed in rat mesangial cells, where RNA interference with RAMP3 and pharmacological inhibition of NSF both resulted in a lack of receptor resensitization/recycling after agonist-stimulated desensitization. These findings provide the first functional difference between the AM1R and AM2R at the level of post-endocytic receptor trafficking. These results indicate a novel function for RAMP3 in the post-endocytic sorting of the AM-R and suggest a broader regulatory role for RAMPs in receptor trafficking.

Received for publication, December 7, 2004

^* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

This article was selected as a Paper of the Week.

Present address: Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107.

^|| To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2201 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824. Tel.: 517-355-6475 (ext. 1112); Fax: 517-432-1967; E-mail: spielman{at}msu.edu.

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