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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 10, 9586-9594, March 11, 2005

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Actinomycin D Induces Histone -H2AX Foci and Complex Formation of -H2AX with Ku70 and Nuclear DNA Helicase II^*

Hannah Elisabeth Mischo, Peter Hemmerich, Frank Grosse¶, and Suisheng Zhang

From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Postfach 100 813, D-07708 Jena, Germany

Formation of -H2AX foci is a P. O.cellular response to genotoxic stress, such as DNA double strand breaks or stalled replication forks. Here we show that -H2AX foci were also formed when cells were incubated with 0.5 µg/ml DNA intercalating agent actinomycin D. In untreated cells, -H2AX co-immunoprecipitated with Ku70, a subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase, as well as with nuclear DNA helicase II (NDH II), a DEXH family helicase also known as RNA helicase A or DHX9. This association was increased manifold after actinomycin D treatment. DNA degradation diminished the amount of Ku70 associated with -H2AX but not that of NDH II. In vitro binding studies with recombinant NDH II and H2AX phosphorylated by DNA-dependent protein kinase confirmed a direct physical interaction between NDH II and -H2AX. Thereby, the NDH II DEXH domain alone, i.e. its catalytic core, was able to support binding to -H2AX. Congruently, after actinomycin D treatment, NDH II accumulated in RNA-containing nuclear bodies that predominantly co-localized with -H2AX foci. Taken together, these results suggest that histone -H2AX promotes binding of NDH II to transcriptionally stalled sites on chromosomal DNA.

Received for publication, October 7, 2004 , and in revised form, December 1, 2004.

^* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Tel.: 49-3641-656290; Fax: 49-3641-656288; E-mail: fgrosse{at}imb-jena.de.

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