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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 12, 12035-12040, March 25, 2005

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Co-translational Involvement of the Chaperonin GroEL in the Folding of Newly Translated Polypeptides^*

Bei-Wen Ying, Hideki Taguchi, Mayumi Kondo, and Takuya Ueda¶

From the Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, FSB401, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan

A large fraction of the newly translated polypeptides emerging from the ribosome require certain proteins, the so-called molecular chaperones, to assist in their folding. In Escherichia coli, three major chaperone systems are considered to contribute to the folding of newly synthesized cytosolic polypeptides. Trigger factor (TF), a ribosome-tethered chaperone, and DnaK are known to exhibit overlapping co-translational roles, whereas the cage-shaped GroEL, with the aid of the co-chaperonin, GroES, and ATP, is believed to be implicated in folding only after the polypeptides are released from the ribosome. However, the recent finding that GroEL-GroES overproduction permits the growth of E. coli cells lacking both TF and DnaK raised questions regarding the separate roles of these chaperones. Here, we report the puromycin-sensitive association of GroEL-GroES with translating ribosomes in vivo. Further experiments in vitro, using a reconstituted cell-free translation system, clearly demonstrate that GroEL associates with the translation complex and accomplishes proper folding by encapsulating the newly translated polypeptides in the central cavity formed by GroES. Therefore, we propose that GroEL is a versatile chaperone, which participates in the folding pathway co-translationally and also achieves correct folding post-translationally.

Received for publication, January 11, 2005

^* This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area 14037217 (to T. U.) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 81-4-7136-3641; Fax: 81-4-7136-3642; E-mail: ueda{at}k.u-tokyo.ac.jp.

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