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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 13, 12542-12547, April 1, 2005

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The Sulfogalactose Moiety of Sulfoglycosphingolipids Serves as a Mimic of Tyrosine Phosphate in Many Recognition Processes

PREDICTION AND DEMONSTRATION OF Src HOMOLOGY 2 DOMAIN/SULFOGALACTOSE BINDING^*

Clifford Lingwood¶||, Murugesapillai Mylvaganam, Farah Minhas, Beth Binnington, Donald R. Branch**, and Régis Pomès

From the Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1X8, Canada, Departments of Biochemistry, ^¶Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and ^**Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute of the University Health Network and Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M1, Canada

Multiple ligand co-recognition of 3'-sulfogalactosylceramide (SGC) and sulfotyrosine initiated the comparison of SGC and sulfotyrosine and, subsequently, phosphotyrosine (pY) binding. SGC is a receptor for ligands involved in cell adhesion/microbial pathology. pY forms a Src homology domain 2 recognition motif in intracellular signaling. Using hsp70, anti-SGC, and anti-pY antibodies, ligand binding is retained following phosphate/sulfate and tyrosine/galactose substitution in SGC and sulfate/phosphate exchange in pY. Remarkable lipid-dependent binding to phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated sulfotyrosine suggests "microenvironmental" modulation of sulfotyrosine-containing receptors, similar to glycosphingolipids. Based on an aryl substrate-bound co-crystal of arylsulfatase A, a sulfogalactose and phosphotyrosine esterase, modeling provides a solvation basis for co-recognition. c-Src/Src homology domain 2:SGC/phosphogalactosylceramide binding confirms our hypothesis, heralding a carbohydrate-based approach to regulation of phosphotyrosine-mediated recognition.

Received for publication, December 6, 2004 , and in revised form, January 4, 2005.

^* This work was supported by CIHR Grant MT13073. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^|| To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 416-813-5998; Fax: 416-813-5993; E-mail: cling{at}sickkids.ca.

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