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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 19, 18573-18578, May 13, 2005

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Ubiquitination of APOBEC3G by an HIV-1 Vif-Cullin5-Elongin B-Elongin C Complex Is Essential for Vif Function^*

Masayuki Kobayashi, Akifumi Takaori-Kondo, Yasuhiro Miyauchi, Kazuhiro Iwai, and Takashi Uchiyama

From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virion infectivity factor (Vif) overcomes the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G to protect HIV-1 DNA from G-to-A hypermutation. Vif targets APOBEC3G for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by forming an SCF-like E3 ubiquitin ligase complex composed of Cullin5, Elongin B, and Elongin C (Vif-BC-Cul5) through a novel SOCS-box motif. In this paper, we have established an in vitro ubiquitin conjugation assay with purified Vif-BC-Cul5 complex and reported that the Vif-BC-Cul5 complex could function as an E3 ligase for APOBEC3G in vitro. A Vif-BC-Cul5 complex promotes the in vitro ubiquitination of the wild type, APOBEC3G but not that of D128K mutant, which does not interact with Vif. We have also investigated several loss-of-function Vif mutants. One mutant, SLQ144/146AAA, lost its activity on APOBEC3G because it could not form a complex due to mutations in SOCS-box motif. Other mutants, C114S and C133S, also lost their activity because of loss of the E3 ligase activity of a Vif-BC-Cul5 complex, although these mutants retained the ability to bind to APOBEC3G as well as Cul5 complex. These findings suggest that the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the Vif-BC-Cul5 complex is essential for Vif function against APOBEC3G.

Received for publication, March 1, 2005 , and in revised form, March 18, 2005.

^* This work was supported in part by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 81-75-751-3152; Fax: 81-75-751-4963; E-mail: atakaori{at}kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.

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