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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 2, 1193-1198, January 14, 2005

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Assignment of the Binding Site for Haptoglobin on Apolipoprotein A-I^*

Maria Stefania Spagnuolo, Luisa Cigliano, Luca D. D'Andrea, Carlo Pedone¶, and Paolo Abrescia||**

From the Dipartimento di Fisiologia Generale ed Ambientale, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, the ^¶Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, and ^||Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica "A. Buzzati Traverso," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via G. Marconi 10, 80125 Napoli, Italia

Haptoglobin (Hpt) was previously found to bind the high density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and able to inhibit the ApoA-I-dependent activity of the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), which plays a major role in the reverse cholesterol transport. The ApoA-I structure was analyzed to detect the site bound by Hpt. ApoA-I was treated by cyanogen bromide or hydroxylamine; the resulting fragments, separated by electrophoresis or gel filtration, were tested by Western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for their ability to bind Hpt. The ApoA-I sequence from Glu¹¹³ to Asn¹⁸⁴ harbored the binding site for Hpt. Biotinylated peptides were synthesized overlapping such a sequence, and their Hpt binding activity was determined by avidin-linked peroxidase. The highest activity was exhibited by the peptide P2a, containing the ApoA-I sequence from Leu¹⁴¹ to Ala¹⁶⁴. Such a sequence contains an ApoA-I domain required for binding cells, promoting cholesterol efflux, and stimulating LCAT. The peptide P2a effectively prevented both binding of Hpt to HDL-coated plastic wells and Hpt-dependent inhibition of LCAT, measured by anti-Hpt antibodies and cholesterol esterification activity, respectively. The enzyme activity was not influenced, in the absence of Hpt, by P2a. Differently from ApoA-I or HDL, the peptide did not compete with hemoglobin for Hpt binding in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments. The results suggest that Hpt might mask the ApoA-I domain required for LCAT stimulation, thus impairing the HDL function. Synthetic peptides, able to displace Hpt from ApoA-I without altering its property of binding hemoglobin, might be used for treatment of diseases associated with defective LCAT function.

Received for publication, October 6, 2004 , and in revised form, October 29, 2004.

^* This work was supported by funds from the University of Naples Federico II (Riceres Dipartimento 33/2003). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^** To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 39-081-2535095; Fax: 39-081-2535090; E-mail: abrescia{at}biol.dgbm.unina.it.

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