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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M405482200 on October 27, 2004
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 2, 1272-1283, January 14, 2005
Tumor Cell-mediated Induction of the Stromal Factor Stromelysin-3 Requires Heterotypic Cell Contact-dependent Activation of Specific Protein Kinase C Isoforms*
Krystel Louis ,
Nathalie Guérineau¶,
Olivia Fromigué ||,
Virginie Defamie ,
Alejandra Collazos¶,
Patrick Anglard**,
Margaret A. Shipp ,
Patrick Auberger ,
Dominique Joubert¶, and
Bernard Mari 
From the
INSERM U526, IFR50, Faculté de Médecine Pasteur, 06107 Nice, France, the ¶INSERM U469, CCIPE, 34094 Montpellier, France, the **INSERM U575, Université Louis Pasteur, 67084 Strasbourg, France, and the  Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Stromelysin-3 (ST3, MMP-11) has been shown to be strongly overexpressed in stromal fibroblasts of most invasive human carcinomas. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to ST3 expression in nonmalignant fibroblasts remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to analyze the signaling pathways activated in normal pulmonary fibroblasts after their interaction with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and leading to ST3 expression. The use of selective signaling pathway inhibitors showed that conventional and novel protein kinase Cs (PKC) were required for ST3 induction, whereas Src kinases exerted a negative control. We observed by both conventional and real time confocal microscopy that green fluorescent protein-tagged PKC and PKC , but not PKC , transfected in fibroblasts, accumulate selectively at the cell-cell contacts between fibroblasts and tumor cells. In agreement, RNAi-mediated depletion of PKC and PKC , but not PKC significantly decreased co-culture-dependent ST3 production. Finally, a tetracycline-inducible expression model allowed us to confirm the central role of these PKC isoforms and the negative regulatory function of c-Src in the control of ST3 expression. Altogether, our data emphasize signaling changes occurring in the tumor microenvironment that may define new stromal targets for therapeutic intervention.
Received for publication, May 17, 2004
, and in revised form, September 27, 2004.
* This work was supported in part by INSERM, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, the Fondation de France, and the Association pour la Recherche Contre le Cancer Contract 3355. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Supported by a fellowship from the Ligue Nationale contre Le Cancer.
|| Supported by a fellowship from the Fondation de France. Present address: INSERM U606, Hôpital Lariboisière, rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris, France.
 To whom correspondence should be addressed: INSERM U526, Faculté deMédecine Pasteur, 06107 Nice, France. Tel.: 33-493-377-017; Fax: 33-493-817-852; E-mail: bernard.mari{at}unice.fr.

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Copyright © 2005 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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