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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 2, 1465-1473, January 14, 2005

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Arabidopsis HAF2 Gene Encoding TATA-binding Protein (TBP)-associated Factor TAF1, Is Required to Integrate Light Signals to Regulate Gene Expression and Growth^*

Claire Bertrand, Moussa Benhamed, You-Fang Li¶, Mira Ayadi, Gaëtan Lemonnier||, Jean-Pierre Renou||, Marianne Delarue, and Dao-Xiu Zhou**

From the Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR8618, Université Paris-sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France, the Faculté des Sciences, Université de Picardie, 80039 Amiens, France, and the ^||Unité de Recherche de la génomique végétale, INRA, 2, rue G. Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France

Plant growth and development are sensitive to light. Light-responsive DNA-binding transcription factors have been functionally identified. However, how transcription initiation complex integrates light signals from enhancer-bound transcription factors remains unknown. In this work, we characterized mutations within the Arabidopsis HAF2 gene encoding TATA-binding protein-associated factor TAF1 (or TAF_II250). The mutation of HAF2 induced decreases on chlorophyll accumulation, light-induced mRNA levels, and promoter activity. Genetic analysis indicated that HAF2 is involved in the pathways of both red/far-red and blue light signals. Double mutants between haf2-1 and hy5-1, a mutation of a light signaling positive DNA-binding transcription factor gene, had a synergistic effect on photomorphogenic traits and light-activated gene expression under different light wavelengths, suggesting that HAF2 is required for interaction with additional light-responsive DNA-binding transcription factors to fully respond to light induction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that the mutation of HAF2 reduced acetylation of histone H3 in light-responsive promoters. In addition, transcriptome analysis showed that the mutation altered the expression of about 9% of genes in young leaves. These data indicate that TAF1 encoded by the Arabidopsis HAF2 gene functions as a coactivator capable of integrating light signals and acetylating histones to activate light-induced gene transcription.

Received for publication, August 6, 2004 , and in revised form, November 2, 2004.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBank^TM/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) AY579213 for the HAF2 cDNA sequence.

The microarray data for haf2 has been submitted to ArrayExpress (ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/) with accession number E-MEXP-178.

^* This work was supported by French plant genomic program GENOPLANTE II Grant AF2001019 (to D.-X. Z.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains Table 2.

^¶ Present address: IGM, Bâtiment 400, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay, France.

^** To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 33-1-6915-3413; Fax: 33-1-6915-3425; E-mail: zhou{at}ibp.u-psud.fr.

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