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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 20, 19721-19727, May 20, 2005

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Human Mitochondrial mRNAs Are Stabilized with Polyadenylation Regulated by Mitochondria-specific Poly(A) Polymerase and Polynucleotide Phosphorylase^*

Takashi Nagaike, Tsutomu Suzuki¶, Takayuki Katoh, and Takuya Ueda

From the Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba Prefecture, 277-0882 and the Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan

Mammalian mitochondrial (mt) mRNAs have short poly(A) tails at their 3' termini that are post-transcriptionally synthesized by mt poly(A) polymerase (PAP). The polyadenylation of mt mRNAs is known to be a key process needed to create UAA stop codons that are not encoded in mtDNA. In some cases, polyadenylation is required for the tRNA maturation by editing of its 3' terminus. However, little is known about the functional roles the poly(A) tail of mt mRNAs plays in mt translation and RNA turnover. Here we show human mt PAP (hmtPAP) and human polynucleotide phosphorylase (hPNPase) control poly(A) synthesis in human mitochondria. Partial inactivation of hmtPAP by RNA interference using small interfering RNA in HeLa cells resulted in shortened poly(A) tails and decreased steady state levels of some mt mRNAs as well as their translational products. Moreover, knocking down hmtPAP generated markedly defective mt membrane potentials and reduced oxygen consumption. In contrast, knocking down hPNPase showed significantly extended poly(A) tails of mt mRNAs. These results demonstrate that the poly(A) length of human mt mRNAs is controlled by polyadenylation by hmtPAP and deadenylation by hPNPase, and polyadenylation is required for the stability of mt mRNAs.

Received for publication, January 21, 2005 , and in revised form, March 14, 2005.

^* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. Tel.: 81-3-5841-8752; Fax: 81-3-3816-0106; E-mail: ts{at}chembio.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp.

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