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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 25, 23425-23428, June 24, 2005
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Minireview
Internal Ribosome Entry Sites in Cellular mRNAs: Mystery of Their Existence*
¶
From the
Departments of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Although studies on viral gene expression were essential for the discovery of internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), it is becoming increasingly clear that IRES activities are present in a significant number of cellular mRNAs. Remarkably, many of these IRES elements initiate translation of mRNAs encoding proteins that protect cells from stress (when the translation of the vast majority of cellular mRNAs is significantly impaired). The purpose of this review is to summarize the progress on the discovery and function of cellular IRESs. Recent findings on the structures of these IRESs and specifically regulation of their activity during nutritional stress, differentiation, and mitosis will be discussed.
* This minireview will be reprinted in the 2005 Minireview Compendium, which will be available in January, 2006. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants DK60596 and DK53307 (to M. H.) and GM68079 (to W. C. Merrick).
The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Table I and supplemental Refs. 82–117.
¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mxh8{at}cwru.edu.
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