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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 28, 26241-26247, July 15, 2005

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The Endophytic Fungus Piriformospora indica Stimulates the Expression of Nitrate Reductase and the Starch-degrading Enzyme Glucan-water Dikinase in Tobacco and Arabidopsis Roots through a Homeodomain Transcription Factor That Binds to a Conserved Motif in Their Promoters^*

Irena Sherameti, Bationa Shahollari, Yvonne Venus, Lothar Altschmied, Ajit Varma¶**, and Ralf Oelmüller||

From the Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany, Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany, and ^¶School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India

Piriformospora indica, an endophytic fungus of the Sebacinaceae family, promotes growth of Arabidopsis and tobacco seedlings and stimulates nitrogen accumulation and the expression of the genes for nitrate reductase and the starch-degrading enzyme glucan-water dikinase (SEX1) in roots. Neither growth promotion nor stimulation of the two enzymes requires heterotrimeric G proteins. P. indica also stimulates the expression of the uidA gene under the control of the Arabidopsis nitrate reductase (Nia2) promoter in transgenic tobacco seedlings. At least two regions (–470/–439 and –103/–89) are important for Nia2 promoter activity in tobacco roots. One of the regions contains an element, ATGATAGATAAT, that binds to a homeodomain transcription factor in vitro. The message for this transcription factor is up-regulated by P. indica. The transcription factor also binds to a CTGATAGATCT segment in the SEX1 promoter in vitro. We propose that the growth-promoting effect initiated by P. indica is accompanied by a co-regulated stimulation of enzymes involved in nitrate and starch metabolisms.

Received for publication, January 13, 2005 , and in revised form, February 14, 2005.

^* This work was supported by Grant SFB604 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^** Present address: Amity Institute of Herbal and Microbial Studies, Sector 125, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India.

^|| To whom correspondence should be addressed: Inst. of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany. Tel.: 49-3641-949230; Fax: 49-3641-949232; E-mail: b7oera{at}hotmail.com.

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