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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 29, 26701-26713, July 22, 2005
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From the
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, the Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, and the ¶AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
To identify the cellular gene target for Tat, we performed gene expression profile analysis and found that Tat up-regulates the expression of the OGG1 (8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase-1) gene, which encodes an enzyme responsible for repairing the oxidatively damaged guanosine, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). We observed that Tat induced OGG1 gene expression by enhancing its promoter activity without changing its mRNA stability. We found that the upstream AP-4 site within the OGG1 promoter is responsible and that Tat interacted with AP-4 and removed AP-4 from the OGG1 promoter by in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Thus, Tat appears to activate OGG1 expression by sequestrating AP-4. Interestingly, although Tat induces oxidative stress known to generate 8-oxo-dG, which causes the G:C to T:A transversion, we observed that the amount of 8-oxo-dG was reduced by Tat. When OGG1 was knocked down by small interfering RNA, Tat increased the amount of 8-oxo-dG, thus confirming the role of OGG1 in preventing the formation of 8-oxo-dG. These findings collectively indicate the possibility that Tat may play a role in maintenance of the genetic integrity of the proviral and host cellular genomes by up-regulating OGG1 as a feed-forward mechanism.
Received for publication, March 25, 2005 , and in revised form, June 1, 2005.
* This work was supported in part by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan, and the Japanese Health Sciences Foundation. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
|| To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 81-52-853-8204; Fax: 81-52-859-1235; E-mail: tokamoto{at}med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp.
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