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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 30, 27949-27959, July 29, 2005

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Innate Immune Defense of the Sponge Suberites domuncula against Bacteria Involves a MyD88-dependent Signaling Pathway

INDUCTION OF A PERFORIN-LIKE MOLECULE^*

Matthias Wiens, Michael Korzhev, Anatoli Krasko, Narsinh L. Thakur, Sanja Perovi-Ottstadt, Hans J. Breter, Hiroshi Ushijima, Bärbel Diehl-Seifert, Isabel M. Müller, and Werner E. G. Müller¶

From the Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany and the Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Institute of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

Sponges (phylum Porifera) are the phylogenetically oldest metazoa; as filter feeders, they are abundantly exposed to marine microorganisms. Here we present data indicating that the demosponge Suberites domuncula is provided with a recognition system for Gram-negative bacteria. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-interacting protein was identified as a receptor on the sponge cell surface, which recognizes the bacterial endotoxin LPS. The cDNA was isolated, and the protein (M_r 49,937) was expressed. During binding to LPS, the protein dimerizes and interacts with MyD88, which was also identified and cloned. The sponge MyD88 (M_r 28,441) is composed of two protein interaction domains, a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain (found in MyD88 and in Toll-like receptors) and a death domain (present in MyD88 and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase). Northern blot experiments and in situ hybridization studies showed that after LPS treatment, the level of the LPS-interacting protein remains unchanged, whereas MyD88 is strongly up-regulated. A perforin-like molecule (M_r 74,171), the macrophage-expressed protein, was identified as an executing molecule of this pathway. This gene is highly expressed after LPS treatment, especially at the surfaces of the animals. The recombinant protein possesses biological activity and eliminates Gram-negative bacteria; it is inactive against Gram-positive bacteria. These data indicate that S. domuncula is provided with an innate immune system against Gram-negative bacteria; the ligand LPS (a pathogen-associated molecular pattern) is recognized by the pattern recognition receptor (LPS-interacting protein), which interacts with MyD88. A signal transduction is established, which results in an elevated expression of MyD88 as well as of the macrophage-expressed protein as an executing protein.

Received for publication, April 13, 2005 , and in revised form, May 19, 2005.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBank^TM/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) AJ890499, AJ890500, and AJ890501.

^* This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Grant Mü/14-4, the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung Germany Center of Excellence BIOTECmarin, and the International Human Frontier Science Program. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany. Tel.: 49-6131-39-25910; Fax: 49-6131-39-25243; E-mail: wmueller{at}uni-mainz.de.

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