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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 34, 30594-30603, August 26, 2005

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Myosin V from Drosophila Reveals Diversity of Motor Mechanisms within the Myosin V Family^*

Judit Tóth, Mihály Kovács, Fei Wang, László Nyitray, and James R. Sellers¶

From the Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1762 and the Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/c, Budapest 1117, Hungary

Myosin V is the best characterized vesicle transporter in vertebrates, but it has been unknown as to whether all members of the myosin V family share a common, evolutionarily conserved mechanism of action. Here we show that myosin V from Drosophila has a strikingly different motor mechanism from that of vertebrate myosin Va, and it is a nonprocessive, ensemble motor. Our steady-state and transient kinetic measurements on single-headed constructs reveal that a single Drosophila myosin V molecule spends most of its mechanochemical cycle time detached from actin, therefore it has to function in processive units that comprise several molecules. Accordingly, in in vitro motility assays, double-headed Drosophila myosin V requires high surface concentrations to exhibit a continuous translocation of actin filaments. Our comparison between vertebrate and fly myosin V demonstrates that the well preserved function of myosin V motors in cytoplasmic transport can be accomplished by markedly different underlying mechanisms.

Received for publication, May 11, 2005 , and in revised form, June 20, 2005.

^* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, Rm. 8N202, MSC 1762, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762. Tel.: 301-496-6887; Fax: 301-402-1542; E-mail: sellersj{at}nhlbi.nih.gov.

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