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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 37, 32090-32100, September 16, 2005

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Different Roles of N-terminal and C-terminal Halves of HIRA in Transcription Regulation of Cell Cycle-related Genes That Contribute to Control of Vertebrate Cell Growth^*

Ahyar Ahmad, Hidehiko Kikuchi, Yasunari Takami¶||, and Tatsuo Nakayama¶||1

From the Department of Life Science, Frontier Science Research Center, ^¶Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan, ^||CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Kazusa, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan, and the Department of Chemistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia

We reported previously that chicken HIRA, a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional co-repressors Hir1p and Hir2p, possesses seven WD dipeptide motifs and an LXXLL motif in its N-terminal and C-terminal halves, respectively, required for transcription regulations. Here, by using the gene targeting technique, we generated the homozygous HIRA-deficient DT40 mutant HIRA. The HIRA deficiency caused slightly delayed cell growth and affected the opposite transcriptions of cell cycle-related genes, i.e. repressions for P18, CDC25B, and BCL-2, activations for P19 and cyclin A, and histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. These altered expressions were completely revived by the artificial stable expression of hemagglutinin-tagged HIRA in HIRA. The ability to rescue the delayed growth rate was preferentially aided by the N-terminal half instead of the C-terminal half. We cloned the chicken P18 genomic DNA, and we established that its promoter was located surrounding the sequence GCGGGCGC at positions –1157 to –1150. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the N-terminal half interacted directly or indirectly with the putative promoter region of the p18 gene, resulting in up-regulation of the gene. These results indicated that the N-terminal half of HIRA should contribute positively to the growth rate via up-regulation of a set of cell cycle-related genes, whereas the C-terminal half down-regulated another set of them without exhibiting any effect on the cell growth.

Received for publication, February 7, 2005 , and in revised form, July 12, 2005.

^* This work was supported in part by The 21st Century COE Program (Life Science), a grant-in-aid for scientific research from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, and grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and CREST from Japan Science and Technology of Japan. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Life Science, Frontier Science Research Center, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan. Tel.: 81-985-3127; Fax: 81-985-6503; E-mail: tnakayam{at}med.miyazaki-u.ac.jp.

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