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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 4, 2659-2667, January 28, 2005

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The Unique C-terminal Tail of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase ERK5 Regulates Its Activation and Nuclear Shuttling^*

Marcus Buschbeck and Axel Ullrich

From the Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany

ERK5 is unique among mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in that it contains a large C-terminal tail. We addressed the question of how this tail could affect the signaling capacity of ERK5. Gradual deletion of the C-terminal domains resulted in a drastic increase of ERK5 kinase activity, which was dependent on the up-stream MAPK cascade, thus indicating a possible auto-inhibitory function of the tail. It is interesting that ERK5 was able to autophosphorylate its own tail. Moreover, ERK5, which was found to be expressed in virtually all kinds of cell lines, localized to nuclear as well as cytoplasmic compartments. The localization of ERK5 was determined by its C-terminal domains, which were also required for appropriate nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Taken together, these results indicate that ERK5 signaling is directed by the presence of its unique C-terminal tail, which might be the key to understanding the key role of ERK5 in MAPK signaling.

Received for publication, November 8, 2004

^* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Current address: Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Passeig Maritim 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: marcus.buschbeck{at}crg.es

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Molecular Biology, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. Tel.: 49-89-8578-2512; Fax: 49-89-8578-2454; E-mail: ullrich{at}biochem.mpg.de.

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