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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 40, 34210-34217, October 7, 2005

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Mammary Serine Protease Inhibitor (Maspin) Binds Directly to Interferon Regulatory Factor 6

IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL SERPIN PARTNERSHIP^*

Caleb M. Bailey, Zhila Khalkhali-Ellis¶, Shinji Kondo||, Naira V. Margaryan, Richard E. B. Seftor¶, William W. Wheaton, Sumaira Amir||, Michael R. Pins**, Brian C. Schutte||, and Mary J. C. Hendrix1

From the Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and ^||Pediatrics, Roy A. and Lucille J. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242 and the Children's Memorial Research Center and ^**Department of Pathology and Urology, ^¶Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60011

Since its reported discovery in 1994, maspin (mammary serine protease inhibitor) has been characterized as a class II tumor suppressor by its ability to promote apoptosis and inhibit cell invasion. Maspin is highly expressed in normal mammary epithelial cells but reduced or absent in aggressive breast carcinomas. However, despite efforts to characterize the mechanism(s) by which maspin functions as a tumor suppressor, its molecular characterization has remained somewhat elusive. Therefore, in an attempt to identify maspin-interacting proteins and thereby gain insight into the functional pathways of maspin, we employed a maspin-baited yeast two-hybrid system and subsequently identified Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) as a maspin-binding protein. IRF6 belongs to the IRF family of transcription factors, which is best known for its regulation of interferon and interferon-inducible genes following a pathogenic stimulus. Although many of the IRF family members have been well characterized, IRF6 remains poorly understood. We report that IRF6 is expressed in normal mammary epithelial cells and that it directly associates with maspin in a yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro. The interaction occurs via the conserved IRF protein association domain and is regulated by phosphorylation of IRF6. We have shown that, similar to maspin, IRF6 expression is inversely correlated with breast cancer invasiveness. We further demonstrated that the transient re-expression of IRF6 in breast cancer cells results in an increase of N-cadherin and a redistribution of vimentin commensurate with changes in cell morphology, suggestive of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition event. Concomitantly, we showed that maspin acts as a negative regulator of this process. These findings help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of maspin and suggest an interactive role between maspin and IRF6 in regulating cellular phenotype, the loss of which can lead to neoplastic transformation.

Received for publication, March 31, 2005 , and in revised form, June 27, 2005.

^* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant CA 75681 (to M. J. C. H.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Figs. S1 and S2.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Children's Memorial Research Center, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box 222, Chicago, IL 60614-3394. Tel.: 773-755-6528; Fax: 773-755-6534; E-mail: mjchendrix{at}childrensmemorial.org.

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