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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 47, 39436-39447, November 25, 2005

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Microspherule Protein 1, Mi-2, and RET Finger Protein Associate in the Nucleolus and Up-regulate Ribosomal Gene Transcription^*

Keiko Shimono1, Yohei Shimono1, Kaoru Shimokata¶, Naoki Ishiguro, and Masahide Takahashi||2

From the Department of Pathology, the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, ^¶Department of Internal Medicine, and ^||Department of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan

The nucleolus is the site of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription and ribosome production. In exploring the role of nucleolar protein MCRS1 (microspherule protein1)/MSP58 (58-kDa microspherule protein), we found that Mi-2, a component of a nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, RET finger protein (RFP), and upstream binding factor (UBF) were associated with MCRS1. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that MCRS1 bound to the ATPase/helicase region of Mi-2 and the coiled-coil region of RFP. Interestingly, confocal microscopic analyses revealed the co-localization of MCRS1, Mi-2, RFP, and the rRNA transcription factor UBF in the nucleoli. We also found that MCRS1, Mi-2, and RFP were associated with rDNA using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Finally, we showed that MCRS1, Mi-2, and RFP up-regulated transcriptional activity of the rDNA promoter and that ribosomal RNA transcription was repressed when MCRS1, Mi-2, and RFP expression was reduced using siRNA. These results indicated that Mi-2 and RFP, known to be involved in transcriptional repression in the nucleus, co-localize with MCRS1 in the nucleolus and appear to activate the rRNA transcription.

Received for publication, July 7, 2005 , and in revised form, September 7, 2005.

^* This work was supported by grants-in-aid for the 21st Century Center of Excellence Research, Scientific Research on Priority Areas "Cancer" and Scientific Research (A) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (to M. T.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ These authors contributed equally to this work.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. Tel.: 81-52-744-2093; Fax: 81-52-744-2098; E-mail: mtakaha{at}med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.

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