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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 49, 40980-40984, December 9, 2005

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Calcium Ion Promotes Yeast Dmc1 Activity via Formation of Long and Fine Helical Filaments with Single-stranded DNA^*

Ming-Hui Lee1, Yuan-Chih Chang1, Eurie L. Hong¶, Jennifer Grubb¶, Chia-Seng Chang, Douglas K. Bishop¶, and Ting-Fang Wang2

From the Institutes of Biological Chemistry and Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan and the ^¶Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637

Dmc1 is specifically required for homologous recombination during meiosis. Here we report that the calcium ion enabled Dmc1 from budding yeast to form regular helical filaments on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and activate its strand assimilation activity. Relative to magnesium, calcium increased the affinity of Dmc1 for ATP and but reduces its DNA-dependent ATPase activity. These effects, together with previous studies of other RecA-like recombinases, support the view that ATP binding to Dmc1 protomers is required for functional filament structure. The helical pitch of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dmc1-ssDNA helical filament was estimated to be 13.4 ± 2.5 nm. Analysis of apparently "complete" Dmc1-ssDNA filaments indicated a stoichiometry of 24 ± 2 nucleotides per turn of the Dmc1 helix. This finding suggests that the number or protomers per helical turn and/or the number of nucleotides bound per Dmc1 protomer differs from that reported previously for Rad51 and RecA filaments. Our data support the view that the active form of Dmc1 protein is a helical filament rather than a ring. We speculate that Ca²⁺ plays a significant role in regulating meiotic recombination.

Received for publication, May 31, 2005 , and in revised form, September 26, 2005.

^* This study was supported by Academia Sinica (to T.-F. W.), National Science Council Grant NSC93-2311-B001-019 (to T.-F. W.), and National Institute of General Medical Science Grant GM50936 (to D. K. B). Financial support was also provided by Andrew H.-J. Wang (Academia Sinica Grant AS93IBC3). The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ These authors contributed equally to this work.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: 886-2-27889759; E-mail: tfwang{at}gate.sinica.edu.tw.

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