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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 52, 42938-42944, December 30, 2005

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Cement Proteins of the Tube-building Polychaete Phragmatopoma californica^*

Hua Zhao1, Chengjun Sun1, Russell J. Stewart, and J. Herbert Waite¶2

From the Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology Department, and the ^¶Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112

The mineralized tube of the sandcastle worm Phragmatopoma californica is made from exogenous mineral particles (sand, shell, etc.) glued together with a cement secreted from the "building organ" on the thorax of the worm. The glue is a cross-linked mixture of three highly polar proteins. The complete sequences of Pc-1 (18 kDa) and Pc-2 (21 kDa) were deduced from cDNAs derived from previously reported peptide sequences (Waite, J. H., Jensen, R., and Morse, D. E. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 5733–5738). Both proteins are basic (pI 10) and exhibit Gly-rich peptide repeats. The consensus repeats in Pc-1 and -2 are VGGYGYGGKK (15 times), and HPAVXHKALGGYG (eight times), respectively, in which X denotes an intervening nonrepeated sequence and Y is modified to 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (Dopa). The third protein, Pc-3, was deduced from the cement to be about 80 mol % phosphoserine/serine, and the cDNA was obtained by exploiting the presence of poly-serine repeats. Pc-3 consists of a family of at least seven variants with 60–90 mol % serine most of which is phosphorylated in the cement. Pc-1, -2, and -3 contain cysteine some of which reacts to form 5-S-cysteinyl-Dopa cross-links during the setting process.

Received for publication, August 2, 2005 , and in revised form, September 22, 2005.

^* This work was supported in part by University Research Engineering and Technology Institute on Bio-Inspired Materials Award NCC-1-02037 (from NASA), National Institutes of Health Grant DE015415, and National Science Foundation Grant CHE-0132443 (all to J. H. W.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental sequence material.

¹ These authors contributed equally to this work.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed: Marine Science Inst., University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106. Tel.: 805-893-2817; Fax: 805-893-7998; E-mail: waite{at}lifesci.ucsb.edu.

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