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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 6, 4602-4608, February 11, 2005

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A Novel Putrescine Utilization Pathway Involves -Glutamylated Intermediates of Escherichia coli K-12^*

Shin Kurihara, Shinpei Oda, Kenji Kato, Hyeon Guk Kim, Takashi Koyanagi, Hidehiko Kumagai¶, and Hideyuki Suzuki||

From the Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

A novel bacterial putrescine utilization pathway was discovered. Seven genes, the functions of whose products were not known, are involved in this novel pathway. Five of them encode enzymes that catabolize putrescine; one encodes a putrescine importer, and the other encodes a transcriptional regulator. This novel pathway involves six sequential steps as follows: 1) import of putrescine; 2) ATP-dependent -glutamylation of putrescine; 3) oxidization of -glutamylputrescine; 4) dehydrogenation of -glutamyl--aminobutyraldehyde; 5) hydrolysis of the -glutamyl linkage of -glutamyl--aminobutyrate; and 6) transamination of -aminobutyrate to form the final product of this pathway, succinate semialdehyde, which is the precursor of succinate.

Received for publication, September 28, 2004 , and in revised form, December 6, 2004.

^* This work was supported in part by Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research 15580061 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Supported by the 21st Century COE Program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.

Supported by the BK21 Program of Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University.

^¶ Present address: Research Institute of Agricultural Resources, Ishikawa Agricultural College, Nonoichi-cho, Ishikawa-gun, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan.

^|| To whom correspondence should be addressed: Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. Tel.: 81-75-753-6278; Fax: 81-75-753-6275; E-mail: hideyuki{at}lif.kyoto-u.ac.jp.

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