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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 7, 5503-5509, February 18, 2005

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Function of the SmpB Tail in Transfer-messenger RNA Translation Revealed by a Nucleus-encoded Form^*

Yannick Jacob, Stephen M. Sharkady, Kanchan Bhardwaj, Alina Sanda, and Kelly P. Williams

From the Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405

Stalled bacterial ribosomes are freed when they switch to the translation of transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA). This process requires the tmRNA-binding and ribosome-binding cofactor SmpB, a -barrel protein with a protruding C-terminal tail of unresolved structure. Some plastid genomes encode tmRNA, but smpB genes have only been reported from bacteria. Here we identify smpB in the nuclear genomes of both a diatom and a red alga encoding a signal for import into the plastid, where mature SmpB could activate tmRNA. Diatom SmpB was active for tmRNA translation with bacterial components in vivo and in vitro, although less so than Escherichia coli SmpB. The tail-truncated diatom SmpB, the hypothetical product of a misspliced mRNA, was inactive in vivo. Tail-truncated E. coli SmpB was likewise inactive for tmRNA translation but was still able to bind ribosomes, and its affinity for tmRNA was only slightly diminished. This work suggests that SmpB is a universal cofactor of tmRNA. It also reveals a tail-dependent role for SmpB in tmRNA translation that supersedes a simple role of linking tmRNA to the ribosome, which the SmpB body alone could provide.

Received for publication, August 12, 2004 , and in revised form, December 9, 2004.

^* This study was supported by grants from Le Fond Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (to Y. J.) and the National Institutes of Health (to K. P. W.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Present address: Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128.

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd St., Bloomington, IN 47405. Tel.: 812-856-5697; Fax: 812-855-6705; E-mail: kellwill{at}indiana.edu.

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