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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 1, 491-500, January 6, 2006

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Obese Yeast: Triglyceride Lipolysis Is Functionally Conserved from Mammals to Yeast^*

From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, A8010 Graz, Austria

Storage and degradation of triglycerides are essential processes to ensure energy homeostasis and availability of precursors for membrane lipid synthesis. Recent evidence suggests that an emerging class of enzymes containing a conserved patatin domain are centrally important players in lipid degradation. Here we describe the identification and characterization of a major triglyceride lipase of the adipose triglyceride lipase/Brummer family, Tgl4, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Elimination of Tgl4 in a tgl3 background led to fat yeast, rendering growing cells unable to degrade triglycerides. Tgl4 and Tgl3 lipases localized to lipid droplets, independent of each other. Serine 315 in the GXSXG lipase active site consensus sequence of the patatin domain of Tgl4 is essential for catalytic activity. Mouse adipose triglyceride lipase (which also contains a patatin domain but is otherwise highly divergent in primary structure from any yeast protein) localized to lipid droplets when expressed in yeast, and significantly restored triglyceride breakdown in tgl4 mutants in vivo. Our data identify yeast Tgl4 as a functional ortholog of mammalian adipose triglyceride lipase.

Received for publication, June 1, 2005 , and in revised form, October 31, 2005.

^* This work was supported by the Austrian Ministry for Science, Education and Culture (projects GOLD C1 and C5 (to R. Z.), and C7 (to S. D. K.)) in the framework of the Austrian genomics research program, GEN-AU. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Inst. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Schubertstr. 1, A8010 Graz, Austria. Tel.: 43-316-380-5487; Fax: 43-316-380-9857; E-mail: Sepp.kohlwein{at}uni-graz.at.

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