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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 10, 6404-6412, March 10, 2006

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Genome-wide Transcriptional Dependence on TAF1 Functional Domains^*

From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Gene Regulation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802

Transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in regulating the expression of most eukaryotic genes. Of the 14 TBP-associated factor (TAF) subunits that compose TFIID, TAF1 is one of the largest and most functionally diverse. Yeast TAF1 can be divided into four regions including a putative histone acetyltransferase domain and TBP, TAF, and promoter binding domains. Establishing the importance of each region in gene expression through deletion analysis has been hampered by the cellular requirement of TAF1 for viability. To circumvent this limitation we introduced galactose-inducible deletion derivatives of previously defined functional regions of TAF1 into a temperature-sensitive taf1^ts2 yeast strain. After galactose induction of the TAF1 mutants and temperature-induced elimination of the resident Taf1^ts2 protein, we examined the properties and phenotypes of the mutants, including their impact on genome-wide transcription. Virtually all TAF1-dependent genes, which comprise 90% of the yeast genome, displayed a strong dependence upon all regions of TAF1 that were tested. This finding might reflect the need for each region of TAF1 to stabilize TAF1 against degradation or may indicate that all TAF1-dependent genes require the many activities of TAF1. Paradoxically, deletion of the region of TAF1 that is important for promoter binding interfered with the expression of many genes that are normally TFIID-independent/SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase)-dominated, suggesting that this region normally prevents TAF1 (TFIID) from interfering with the expression of SAGA-regulated genes.

Received for publication, December 27, 2005

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBank^TM/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) GSM65302 [NCBI GEO] –GSM65315.

^* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM059055. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental microarray data.

¹ Current address: Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702-1201.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed: The Pennsylvania State University, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 452 N. Frear Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802. Tel.: 814-863-8252; Fax: 814-863-8595; E-mail: bfp2{at}psu.edu.

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