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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 13, 8309-8312, March 31, 2006

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Minireview

APOBEC3 Cytidine Deaminases: Distinct Antiviral Actions along the Retroviral Life Cycle^*

Ya-Lin Chiu and Warner C. Greene¹

From the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology and the Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94141

The field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) biology has been galvanized by the discovery of innate APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases, which pose powerful barriers to the replication of HIV and other retroviruses. Rapid progress has been made in defining their action, intriguing regulation within cells, expanded range of retroviral targets, and counterstrikes utilized by retroviruses against them. Although scientifically fascinating, advances in APOBEC3 biology may lead to new antiviral drugs and improved lentiviral vectors for gene therapy.

^* This minireview will be reprinted in the 2006 Minireview Compendium, which will be available in January, 2007. Research in our laboratory was supported by funding from National Institutes of Health Grant NIH R01 AI065329 and P01 HD40543 (to W. C. G.) and American Foundation for AIDS Research Grant amFAR 106525-35-RFHF (to Y.-L. C.). This is the first article of three in the Virus-Host Interaction Minireview Series.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, 1650 Owens St., San Francisco, CA 94158. Tel.: 415-734-4805; Fax: 415-355-0153; E-mail: wgreene{at}gladstone.ucsf.edu.

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