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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 19, 13285-13299, May 12, 2006

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Syndapin Oligomers Interconnect the Machineries for Endocytic Vesicle Formation and Actin Polymerization^*

Michael M. Kessels and Britta Qualmann¹

From the Research Group Membrane Trafficking and Cytoskeleton, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Research Group Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany

Syndapins were proposed to interconnect the machineries for vesicle formation and actin polymerization, as they interact with dynamin and the Arp2/3 complex activator N-WASP (neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein). Syndapins, however, have only one Src homology 3 domain mediating both interactions. Here we show that syndapins self-associate via direct syndapin/syndapin interactions, providing a molecular mechanism for the coordinating role of syndapin. Cross-link studies with overexpressed and endogenous syndapins suggest that predominantly dimers form in vivo. Our analyses show that the N-terminal Fes/Cip4 homology domain but not the central coiled-coil domain is sufficient for oligomerization. Additionally, a second interface located further C-terminally mediated interactions with the N terminus. The Src homology 3 domain and the NPF region are not involved and thus available for further interactions interconnecting different syndapin binding partners. Our analyses showed that self-association is crucial for syndapin function. Both syndapin-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements and endocytosis were disrupted by a self-association-deficient mutant. Consistent with a role of syndapins in linking actin polymerization bursts with endocytic vesicle formation, syndapin-containing complexes had a size of 300-500 kDa in gel filtration analysis and contained both dynamin and N-WASP. The existence of an interconnection of the GTPase dynamin with N-WASP via syndapin oligomers was demonstrated both by coimmunoprecipitations and by reconstitution at membranes in intact cells. The interconnection was disrupted by coexpression of syndapin mutants incapable of self-association. Syndapin oligomers may thus act as multivalent organizers spatially and temporally coordinating vesicle fission with local actin polymerization.

Received for publication, September 16, 2005 , and in revised form, February 16, 2006.

^* This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Grant Qu 116/2-1 and 2-3, Qu 116/3-1 and 3-2, KE685/2-1, and 2-2 and by Kultusministerium of the Land Sachsen-Anhalt Grant 3451A/0502M. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Research Group Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany. Tel.: 49-391-6263-132; Fax: 49-391-6263-229; E-mail: qualmann{at}ifn-magdeburg.de.

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