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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 24, 16632-16642, June 16, 2006

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A Second Thylakoid Membrane-localized Alb3/OxaI/YidC Homologue Is Involved in Proper Chloroplast Biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana^*

Lars Gerdes¹, Thomas Bals¹, Eva Klostermann, Monique Karl, Katrin Philippar, Mark Hünken, Jürgen Soll², and Danja Schünemann³

From the Department für Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80638 München, Germany and Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany

The integral membrane proteins Alb3, OxaI, and YidC belong to an evolutionary conserved protein family mediating protein insertion into the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, the inner membrane of mitochondria, and bacteria, respectively. Whereas OxaI and YidC are involved in the insertion of a wide range of membrane proteins, the function of Alb3 seems to be limited to the insertion of a subset of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding proteins. In this study, we identified a second chloroplast homologue of the Alb3/OxaI/YidC family, named Alb4. Alb4 is almost identical to the Alb3/OxaI/YidC domain of the previously described 110-kDa inner envelope protein Artemis. We show that Alb4 is expressed as a separate 55-kDa protein and that Artemis was identified mistakenly. Alb4 is located in the thylakoid membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts. Analysis of an Arabidopsis mutant (Salk_136199) and RNA interference lines with a reduced level of Alb4 revealed chloroplasts with an altered ultrastructure. Mutant plastids are larger and more spherical in appearance, and the grana stacks within the mutant lines are less appressed than in the wild-type chloroplasts. These data indicate that Alb4 is required for proper chloroplast biogenesis.

Received for publication, December 21, 2005 , and in revised form, March 24, 2006.

^* This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) TR-1 Munich (to J. S.) and SFB 480 Bochum (to D. S.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBank^TM/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) AM177312 [GenBank] .

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Fig. 1 and Table 1.

¹ These authors contributed equally to this work.

² To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.: 49-89-17861245; Fax: 49-89-17861185; E-mail: soll{at}lmu.de. ³ To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.: 49-234-3228561; Fax: 49-234-3214184; E-mail: Danja.Schuenemann{at}rub.de.

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