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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 31, 21892-21902, August 4, 2006

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Nitric Oxide Binding to Prokaryotic Homologs of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase 1 H-NOX Domain^*

Elizabeth M. Boon, Joseph H. Davis, Rosalie Tran, David S. Karow, Shirley H. Huang^¶, Duohai Pan¹, Michael M. Miazgowicz, Richard A. Mathies^||, and Michael A. Marletta^¶||2

From the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, the ^¶Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, ^||Division of Physical Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109

The heme cofactor in soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a selective receptor for NO, an important signaling molecule in eukaryotes. The sGC heme domain has been localized to the N-terminal 194 amino acids of the 1 subunit of sGC and is a member of a family of conserved hemoproteins, called the H-NOX family (Heme-Nitric Oxide and/or OXygen-binding domain). Three new members of this family have now been cloned and characterized, two proteins from Legionella pneumophila (L1 H-NOX and L2 H-NOX) and one from Nostoc punctiforme (Np H-NOX). Like sGC, L1 H-NOX forms a 5-coordinate Fe^II-NO complex. However, both L2 H-NOX and Np H-NOX form temperature-dependent mixtures of 5- and 6-coordinate Fe^II-NO complexes; at low temperature, they are primarily 6-coordinate, and at high temperature, the equilibrium is shifted toward a 5-coordinate geometry. This equilibrium is fully reversible with temperature in the absence of free NO. This process is analyzed in terms of a thermally labile proximal Fe^II-His bond and suggests that in both the 5- and 6-coordinate Fe^II-NO complexes of L2 H-NOX and Np H-NOX, NO is bound in the distal heme pocket of the H-NOX fold. NO dissociation kinetics for L1 H-NOX and L2 H-NOX have been determined and support a model in which NO dissociates from the distal side of the heme in both 5- and 6-coordinate complexes.

Received for publication, January 19, 2006 , and in revised form, May 9, 2006.

^* This work was supported by the Laboratory-directed Research Fund from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, National Institutes of Health Grant GM070671 (to M. A. M.), and the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (to E. M. B.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ Present address: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 510-643-9325; Fax: 510-643-9388; E-mail: marletta{at}berkeley.edu.

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