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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 32, 22983-22991, August 11, 2006

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Redox Regulation of -Actin during Integrin-mediated Cell Adhesion^*

Tania Fiaschi¹, Giacomo Cozzi¹, Giovanni Raugei^¶, Lucia Formigli^||, Giampietro Ramponi^¶, and Paola Chiarugi^¶2

From the Department of Biochemical Sciences, ^¶Center of Excellence for Scientific Research DENOTHE, ^||Department of Anatomy, University of Florence, and the Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy

Redox sensitivity of actin toward an exogenous oxidative stress has recently been reported. We report here the first evidence of in vivo actin redox regulation by a physiological source of reactive oxygen species, specifically those species generated by integrin receptors during cell adhesion. Actin oxidation takes place via the formation of a mixed disulfide between cysteine 374 and glutathione; this modification is essential for spreading and for cytoskeleton organization. Impairment of actin glutathionylation, either through GSH depletion or expression of the C374A redox-insensitive mutant, greatly affects cell spreading and the formation of stress fibers, leading to inhibition of the disassembly of the actinomyosin complex. These data suggest that actin glutathionylation is essential for cell spreading and cytoskeleton organization and that it plays a key role in disassembly of actinomyosin complex during cell adhesion.

Received for publication, March 30, 2006 , and in revised form, May 30, 2006.

^* This work was supported by the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC), by the Ministero della Università e Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (MIUR-PRIN 2003 and 2004), by Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie, and by Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ These two authors contributed equally to this work.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed: Paola Chiarugi, Dipartimento di ScienzeBiochimiche, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy. Tel.: 39-055-4598343; Fax: 39-055-4498905; E-mail: paola.chiarugi{at}unifi.it.

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