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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 33, 23349-23356, August 18, 2006

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Characterization of the Stomatin Domain Involved in Homo-oligomerization and Lipid Raft Association^*

From the Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna A-1030, Austria

The cytoplasmically oriented monotopic integral membrane protein stomatin forms high-order oligomers and associates with lipid rafts. To characterize the domains that are involved in oligomerization and detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) association, we expressed truncation and point mutants of stomatin and analyzed their size and buoyancy by ultracentrifugation methods. A small C-terminal region of stomatin that is largely hydrophobic, Ser-Thr-Ile-Val-Phe-Pro-Leu-Pro-Ile (residues 264–272), proved to be crucial for oligomerization, whereas the N-terminal domain (residues 1–20) and the last 12 C-terminal amino acids (residues 276–287) were not essential. The introduction of alanine substitutions in the region 264–272 resulted in the appearance of monomers. Remarkably, only three of these residues, Ile-Val-Phe (residues 266–268), were found to be indispensable for the DRM association. Interestingly, the exchange of Pro-269 and to some extent the residues 270–272, which are essential for oligomerization, did not affect the DRM association of stomatin. This suggests that the formation of oligomers is not necessary for the association of stomatin with DRMs. Internal deletions near the membrane anchoring domain resulted in the formation of intermediate size oligomers suggesting a conformational interdependence of large parts of the C-terminal region. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis of the tagged, monomeric, non-DRM mutant ST-(1–262)-green fluorescent protein and wild type stomatin StomGFP showed a significantly higher lateral mobility of the truncation mutant in the plasma membrane suggesting a membrane interaction of the respective C-terminal region also in vivo.

Received for publication, December 23, 2005 , and in revised form, June 7, 2006.

^* This work was supported by Grant P15486 from the Austrian Science Fund, Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, Vienna A-1030, Austria. Tel.: 43-1-4277-61660; Fax: 43-1-4277-9616; E-mail: rainer.prohaska{at}meduniwien.ac.at.

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