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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 37, 27575-27585, September 15, 2006

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Identification in Archaea of a Novel D-Tyr-tRNA^Tyr Deacylase^*

Maria-Laura Ferri-Fioni¹, Michel Fromant¹, Anne-Pascale Bouin, Caroline Aubard, Christine Lazennec, Pierre Plateau², and Sylvain Blanquet

From the Laboratoire de Biochimie, UMR CNRS 7654, Département de Biologie and Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, UMR CNRS 7651, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France

Most bacteria and eukarya contain an enzyme capable of specifically hydrolyzing D-aminoacyl-tRNA. Here, the archaea Sulfolobus solfataricus is shown to also contain an enzyme activity capable of recycling misaminoacylated D-Tyr-tRNA^Tyr. N-terminal sequencing of this enzyme identifies open reading frame SS02234 (dtd2), the product of which does not present any sequence homology with the known D-Tyr-tRNA^Tyr deacylases of bacteria or eukaryotes. On the other hand, homologs of dtd2 occur in archaea and plants. The Pyrococcus abyssi dtd2 ortholog (PAB2349) was isolated. It rescues the sensitivity to D-tyrosine of a mutant Escherichia coli strain lacking dtd, the gene of its endogeneous D-Tyr-tRNA^Tyr deacylase. Moreover, in vitro, the PAB2349 product, which behaves as a monomer and carries 2 mol of zinc/mol of protein, catalyzes the cleavage of D-Tyr-tRNA^Tyr. The three-dimensional structure of the product of the Archaeoglobus fulgidus dtd2 ortholog has been recently solved by others through a structural genomics approach (Protein Data Bank code 1YQE). This structure does not resemble that of Escherichia coli D-Tyr-tRNA^Tyr deacylase. Instead, it displays homology with that of a bacterial peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase. We show, however, that the archaeal PAB2349 enzyme does not act against diacetyl-Lys-tRNA^Lys, a model substrate of peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase. Based on the Protein Data Bank 1YQE structure, site-directed mutagenesis experiments were undertaken to remove zinc from the PAB2349 enzyme. Several residues involved in zinc binding and supporting the activity of the deacylase were identified. Taken together, these observations suggest evolutionary links between the various hydrolases in charge of the recycling of metabolically inactive tRNAs during translation.

Received for publication, June 19, 2006 , and in revised form, July 13, 2006.

^* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ These authors contributed equally to this work.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 33-1-69-33-41-81; Fax: 33-1-69-33-30-13; E-mail: plateau{at}bioc.polytechnique.fr.

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