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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M607007200 on August 10, 2006
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 40, 30299-30304, October 6, 2006
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Triggers Autophagy*
Tomohiro Yorimitsu,
Usha Nair,
Zhifen Yang, and
Daniel J. Klionsky1
From the
Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
Eukaryotic cells have evolved strategies to respond to stress conditions. For example, autophagy in yeast is primarily a response to the stress of nutrient limitation. Autophagy is a catabolic process for the degradation and recycling of cytosolic, long lived, or aggregated proteins and excess or defective organelles. In this study, we demonstrate a new pathway for the induction of autophagy. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), accumulation of misfolded proteins causes stress and activates the unfolded protein response to induce the expression of chaperones and proteins involved in the recovery process. ER stress stimulated the assembly of the pre-autophagosomal structure. In addition, autophagosome formation and transport to the vacuole were stimulated in an Atg protein-dependent manner. Finally, Atg1 kinase activity reflects both the nutritional status and autophagic state of the cell; starvation-induced autophagy results in increased Atg1 kinase activity. We found that Atg1 had high kinase activity during ER stress-induced autophagy. Together, these results indicate that ER stress can induce an autophagic response.
Received for publication, July 24, 2006
* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Public Health Service Grant GM53396 (to D. J. K.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed: Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216. Tel.: 734-615-6556; Fax: 734-763-6492; E-mail: klionsky{at}umich.edu.

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