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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 43, 32344-32352, October 27, 2006

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Structural Basis and Functional Consequence of Helicobacter pylori CagA Multimerization in Cells^*

Shumei Ren, Hideaki Higashi, Huaisheng Lu, Takeshi Azuma, and Masanori Hatakeyama¹

From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan and Internal Center for Medical Research, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan

Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains are associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. The cagA gene product CagA is delivered into gastric epithelial cells where it localizes to the plasma membrane and undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at the EPIYA-repeat region, which contains the EPIYA-A segment, EPIYA-B segment, and Western CagA-specific EPIYA-C or East Asian CagA-specific EPIYA-D segment. In host cells, CagA specifically binds to and deregulates SHP-2 phosphatase via the tyrosine-phosphorylated EPIYA-C or EPIYA-D segment, thereby inducing an elongated cell shape known as the hummingbird phenotype. In this study, we found that CagA multimerizes in cells in a manner independent of its tyrosine phosphorylation. Using a series of CagA mutants, we identified a conserved amino acid sequence motif (FPLXRXXXVXDLSKVG), which mediates CagA multimerization, within the EPIYA-C segment as well as in a sequence that located immediately downstream of the EPIYA-C or EPIYA-D segment. We also found that a phosphorylation-resistant CagA, which multimerizes but cannot bind SHP-2, inhibits the wild-type CagA-SHP-2 complex formation and abolishes induction of the hummingbird phenotype. Thus, SHP-2 binds to a preformed and tyrosinephosphorylated CagA multimer via its two Src homology 2 domains. These results, in turn, indicate that CagA multimerization is a prerequisite for CagA-SHP-2 interaction and subsequent deregulation of SHP-2. The present work raises the possibility that inhibition of CagA multimerization abolishes pathophysiological activities of CagA that promote gastric carcinogenesis.

Received for publication, June 28, 2006 , and in revised form, September 1, 2006.

^* This work was supported by Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Div. of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan. Tel.: 81-11-706-7544; Fax: 81-11-706-7544; E-mail: mhata{at}igm.hokudai.ac.jp.

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