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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 43, 32694-32704, October 27, 2006

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The CheYs of Rhodobacter sphaeroides^*

From the Microbiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom

The Escherichia coli two-component chemosensory pathway has been extensively studied, and its response regulator, CheY, has become a paradigm for response regulators. However, unlike E. coli, most chemotactic nonenteric bacteria have multiple CheY homologues. The roles and cellular localization of the CheYs in Rhodobacter sphaeroides were determined. Only two CheYs were required for chemotaxis, CheY₆ and either CheY₃ or CheY₄. These CheYs were partially localized to either of the two chemotaxis signaling clusters, with the remaining protein delocalized. Interestingly, mutation of the CheY₆ phosphorylatable aspartate to asparagine produced a stopped motor, caused by phosphorylation on alternative site Ser-83 by CheA. Extensive mutagenesis of E. coli CheY has identified a number of activating mutations, which have been extrapolated to other response regulators (D13K, Y106W, and I95V). Analogous mutations in R. sphaeroides CheYs did not cause activation. These results suggest that although the R. sphaeroides and E. coli CheYs are similar in that they require phosphorylation for activation, they may differ in both the nature of the phosphorylation-induced conformational change and their subsequent interactions with the flagellar motor. Caution should therefore be used when projecting from E. coli CheY onto novel response regulators.

Received for publication, June 23, 2006 , and in revised form, September 1, 2006.

^* This work was supported by the Oxford Bionanotechnology Interdisciplinary Research Consortium, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, and a British Tar Products research fellowship from Pembroke College, Oxford, UK. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Tables I-III.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Microbiology Unit, Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK. Tel.: 44-1865-275297; Fax: 44-1865-285354; E-mail: judith.armitage{at}bioch.ox.ac.uk.

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