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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 48, 36915-36928, December 1, 2006

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RNA-binding Motif Protein 15 Binds to the RNA Transport Element RTE and Provides a Direct Link to the NXF1 Export Pathway^*

Susan Lindtner, Andrei S. Zolotukhin, Hiroaki Uranishi, Jenifer Bear, Viraj Kulkarni, Sergey Smulevitch, Martina Samiotaki^¶, George Panayotou^¶, Barbara K. Felber¹, and George N. Pavlakis

From the Human Retrovirus Section and the Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201 and ^¶Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Vari 16672, Greece

Retroviruses/retroelements provide tools enabling the identification and dissection of basic steps for post-transcriptional regulation of cellular mRNAs. The RNA transport element (RTE) identified in mouse retrotransposons is functionally equivalent to constitutive transport element of Type D retroviruses, yet does not bind directly to the mRNA export receptor NXF1. Here, we report that the RNA-binding motif protein 15 (RBM15) recognizes RTE directly and specifically in vitro and stimulates export and expression of RTE-containing reporter mRNAs in vivo. Tethering of RBM15 to a reporter mRNA showed that RBM15 acts by promoting mRNA export from the nucleus. We also found that RBM15 binds to NXF1 and the two proteins cooperate in stimulating RTE-mediated mRNA export and expression. Thus, RBM15 is a novel mRNA export factor and is part of the NXF1 pathway. We propose that RTE evolved as a high affinity RBM15 ligand to provide a splicing-independent link to NXF1, thereby ensuring efficient nuclear export and expression of retrotransposon transcripts.

Received for publication, September 11, 2006

^* This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NCI, National Institutes of Health (NIH) at Frederick. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH-Frederick, Bldg. 535, Rm. 209, Frederick, MD 21702-1201. Tel.: 301-846-5159; Fax: 301-846-7146; E-mail: felber{at}ncifcrf.gov.

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