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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 48, 36969-36976, December 1, 2006

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MEKK1 Is Required for MPK4 Activation and Regulates Tissue-specific and Temperature-dependent Cell Death in Arabidopsis^*

Kazuya Ichimura¹, Catarina Casais, Scott C. Peck², Kazuo Shinozaki, and Ken Shirasu³

From the Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom and RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan

Innate immunity signaling pathways in both animals and plants are regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. An Arabidopsis MAPK cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5, and MPK3/MPK6) has been proposed to function downstream of the flagellin receptor FLS2 based on biochemical assays using transient overexpression of candidate components. To genetically test this model, we characterized two mekk1 mutants. We show here that MEKK1 is not required for flagellin-triggered activation of MPK3 and MPK6. Instead, MEKK1 is essential for activation of MPK4, a MAPK that negatively regulates systemic acquired resistance. We also showed that MEKK1 negatively regulates temperature-sensitive and tissue-specific cell death and H₂O₂ accumulation that are partly dependent on both RAR1, a key component in resistance protein function, and SID2, an isochorismate synthase required for salicylic acid production upon pathogen infection.

Received for publication, June 2, 2006 , and in revised form, October 4, 2006.

^* This work was supported by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation (to K. S.), United Kingdom Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (to K. S.), and RIKEN (to K. S.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ A fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences.

² Present address: Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7310.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed: RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan. Tel.: 81-45-503-9574; Fax: 81-45-503-9573; E-mail: ken.shirasu{at}psc.riken.jp.

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