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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 5, 2757-2763, February 3, 2006

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Localization of the Lipopolysaccharide-binding Protein in Phospholipid Membranes by Atomic Force Microscopy^*

From the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Division of Biophysics, Parkallee 10, Borstel 23845, Germany

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS; endotoxin) activate immunocompetent cells of the host via a transmembrane signaling process. In this study, we investigated the function of the LPS-binding protein (LBP) in this process. The cytoplasmic membrane of the cells was mimicked by lipid liposomes adsorbed on mica, and the lateral organization of LBP in these membranes and its interaction with LPS aggregates were characterized by atomic force microscopy. Using cantilever tips functionalized with anti-LBP antibodies, single LBP molecules were localized in the membrane at low concentrations. At higher concentrations, LBP formed clusters of several molecules and caused cross-linking of lipid bilayers. The addition of LPS to LBP-containing liposomes led to the formation of LPS domains in the membranes, which could be inhibited by anti-LBP antibodies. Thus, LBP mediates the fusion of lipid membranes and LPS aggregates.

Received for publication, July 14, 2005 , and in revised form, November 7, 2005.

^* This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 367, project B8). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Division of Biophysics, Parkallee 10, 23845 Borstel, Germany. Tel.: 49-4537-188-291; Fax: 49-4537-188-632; E-mail: tguts{at}fz-borstel.de.

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