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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 5, 2969-2981, February 3, 2006

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The cAMP Pathway in Combination with BMP2 Regulates Phox2a Transcription via cAMP Response Element Binding Sites^*

Chutamas Benjanirut, Maryline Paris¹, Wen-Horng Wang¹, Seok Jong Hong, Kwang Soo Kim, Ronald L. Hullinger, and Ourania M. Andrisani²

From the Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 and the Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MRC215, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478

Combined BMP2 and cAMP signaling induces the catechola-minergic lineage in neural crest (NC) cultures by increasing expression of the proneural transcription factor Phox2a, in a cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB)-mediated mechanism. To determine whether CREB acts directly on Phox2a transcription induced by BMP2+cAMP-elevating agent IBMX, transient transfections of hPhox2a-reporter constructs were performed in avian NC cultures and murine, catecholaminergic CAD cells. Although BMP2+IBMX increased endogenous Phox2a expression, the 7.5-kb hPhox2a reporters expressing either luciferase or DsRed1-E5 fluorescent protein were unresponsive to BMP2+IBMX, but active in both cell types. Cell sorting of fluorescence-positive NC cells expressing the 7.5-kb hPhox2a fluorescent timer reporter differentiated to equal numbers of catecholaminergic cells as fluorescence-negative cells, suggesting inappropriate transcription from the transfected hPhox2a promoter. NC or CAD cells treated with histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A and BMP2+IBMX display increased endogenous Phox2a transcription and prolonged CREB phosphorylation, indicating Phox2a chromatin remodeling is linked to CREB activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitations employing CREB, CREB-binding protein, and acetylated H4 antibodies identified two CRE half-sites at -5.5 kb in the murine Phox2a promoter, which is also conserved in the human promoter. Proximal to the CRE half-sites, within a 170-bp region, are E-box and CCAAT binding sites, also conserved in mouse and human genes. This 170-bp promoter region confers cAMP, BMP2, and enhanced BMP2+cAMP regulation to Phox2a-luciferase reporters. We conclude these CREs are functional, with CREB directly activating Phox2a transcription. Because the E-box binds bHLH proteins like ASH1 induced in NC cells by BMP2, we propose this novel 170-bp cis-acting element is a composite site, mediating the synergistic regulation by BMP2+cAMP on Phox2a transcription.

Received for publication, April 12, 2005 , and in revised form, November 21, 2005.

^* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant DK59367 (to O. M. A.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ Both authors contributed equally to this work.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., W. Lafayette, IN 47907-2026. Tel.: 765-494-8131; Fax: 765-494-0781; E-mail: andrisao{at}purdue.edu.

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