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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 51, 39507-39516, December 22, 2006

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Isoform-specific Heparan Sulfate Binding within the Amino-terminal Noncollagenous Domain of Collagen 1(XI)^*

Lisa R. Warner, Raquel J. Brown, Sorcha M. C. Yingst, and Julia Thom Oxford¹

From the Department of Biology and Biomolecular Research Center and the Materials Science and Engineering Program, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725

Collagen type XI is a constituent of the pericellular matrix of chondrocytes and plays a role in the regulation of fibrillogenesis. The amino-terminal domain of collagen type XI 1 chain is a noncollagenous structure that has been identified on the surface of cartilage collagen fibrils. The biochemical composition of the amino-terminal domain varies due to alternative splicing of the primary transcript. Recombinantly expressed 1(XI) aminoterminal domain isoforms were used in this study to investigate potential interactions. Purified products were analyzed for heparan sulfate binding properties. The results demonstrated that two additional binding sites exist within the 1(XI) aminoterminal domain, one within the amino propeptide and one within the variable region of the amino-terminal domain. Analysis of relative affinities indicated that the site located within the amino propeptide (site 1) was of similar affinity to sites that exist within the major triple helix of collagen type XI. Substitution of amino acid residues 147 to 152 within the amino propeptide by site-directed mutagenesis resulted in altered affinity for heparan sulfate. The binding site located within the variable region (site 2) demonstrated significantly higher affinity than other sites within the molecule. Displacement of collagen type XI within the pericellular matrix was observed in cell culture in the presence of excess heparan sulfate and by treatment with heparinase. These studies suggest two additional binding sites located within the noncollagenous amino-terminal domain that may play a role in the function of collagen type XI. The localization of collagen type XI within the pericellular matrix may be dependent upon interactions with heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and these are likely to take place in an isoform-specfic manner.

Received for publication, September 5, 2006 , and in revised form, October 16, 2006.

^* This work was supported in part by a grant from the Arthritis Foundation, National Institutes of Health/NIAMS Grants RO1AR47985 and KO2AR48672, National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources Grant P20RR16454, and by funding from the M. J. Murdock Foundation and the Lori and Duane Stueckle Dean's Distinguished Professorship. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Biology, Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Dr., MS 1515, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725. Tel.: 208-426-2395; Fax: 208-426-4267; E-mail: joxford{at}boisestate.edu.

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