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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 52, 39915-39924, December 29, 2006

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SIRT1 Regulates Adiponectin Gene Expression through Foxo1-C/Enhancer-binding Protein Transcriptional Complex^*

From the Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536

Adiponectin is an adipose-derived hormone that plays an important role in maintaining energy homeostasis. Adiponectin gene expression is diminished in both obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying the impaired adiponectin gene expression remains poorly understood. Recent studies have indicated that forkhead transcription factor O1 (Foxo1) and silent information regulator 2 mammalian ortholog SIRT1 are involved in adipogenesis. Here we have shown that Foxo1 up-regulates adiponectin gene transcription through a Foxo1-responsive region in the mouse adiponectin promoter that contains two adjacent Foxo1 binding sites. Foxo1 interacts with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) to form a transcription complex at the mouse adiponectin promoter and up-regulates adiponectin gene transcription. Our study has revealed that C/EBP accesses the adiponectin promoter through two Foxo1 binding sites and acts as a co-activator. Further, SIRT1 increases adiponectin transcription in adipocytes by activating Foxo1 and enhancing Foxo1 and C/EBP interaction. Importantly, both Foxo1 and SIRT1 protein levels were significantly lower in epididymal fat tissues from db/db and high fat diet-induced obese mice compared with normal mice. We propose that low expression of SIRT1 and Foxo1 leads to impaired Foxo1-C/EBP complex formation, which contributes to the diminished adiponectin expression in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Received for publication, July 31, 2006 , and in revised form, October 13, 2006.

^* This work was supported by grants from the American Diabetes Association (1-04-JF-44 to J. S.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Figs. S1–S6.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0200. Tel.: 859-323-4933 (ext. 81801); Fax: 859-257-3565; E-mail: JianhuaShao{at}uky.edu.

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