HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 8, 4638-4645, February 24, 2006

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 281/8/4638    most recent M512736200v1 Submit a Letter to Editor Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Panadero, J. Articles by Prieto, J. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Panadero, J. Articles by Prieto, J. A. Social Bookmarking                      What's this?

A Downshift in Temperature Activates the High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) Pathway, Which Determines Freeze Tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae^*

From the Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, P. O. Box 73, E-46100-Burjassot Valencia, Spain

The molecular mechanisms that enable yeast cells to detect and transmit cold signals and their physiological significance in the adaptive response to low temperatures are unknown. Here, we have demonstrated that the MAPK Hog1p is specifically activated in response to cold. Phosphorylation of Hog1p was dependent on Pbs2p, the MAPK kinase (MAPKK) of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, and Ssk1p, the response regulator of the two-component system Sln1p-Ypd1p. However, Sho1p was not required. Interestingly, phosphorylation of Hog1p was stimulated at 30 °C in cells exposed to the membrane rigidifier agent dimethyl sulfoxide. Moreover, Hog1p activation occurred specifically through the Sln1 branch. This suggests that Sln1p monitors changes in membrane fluidity caused by cold. Quite remarkably, activation of Hog1p at low temperatures affected the transcriptional response to cold shock. Indeed, the absence of Hog1p impaired the cold-instigated expression of genes for trehalose- and glycerol-synthesizing enzymes and small chaperones. Moreover, a downward transfer to 12 or 4 °C stimulated the overproduction of glycerol in a Hog1p-dependent manner. However, hog1 mutant cells showed no growth defects at 12 °C as compared with the wild type. On the contrary, deletion of HOG1 or GPD1 decreased tolerance to freezing of wild-type cells preincubated at a low temperature, whereas no differences could be detected in cells shifted directly from 30 to –20 °C. Thus, exposure to low temperatures triggered a Hog1p-dependent accumulation of glycerol, which is essential for freeze protection.

Received for publication, November 29, 2005 , and in revised form, December 16, 2005.

^* This work was supported by the CICYT projects (AGL2001-1203; AGL2004-00462) from the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 34-963900022; Fax: 34-963636301; E-mail: prieto{at}iata.csic.es.

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. Melamed, L. Pnueli, and Y. Arava Yeast translational response to high salinity: Global analysis reveals regulation at multiple levels RNA, July 1, 2008; 14(7): 1337 - 1351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Bermejo, E. Rodriguez, R. Garcia, J. M. Rodriguez-Pena, M. L. Rodriguez de la Concepcion, C. Rivas, P. Arias, C. Nombela, F. Posas, and J. Arroyo The Sequential Activation of the Yeast HOG and SLT2 Pathways Is Required for Cell Survival to Cell Wall Stress Mol. Biol. Cell, March 1, 2008; 19(3): 1113 - 1124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Plemenitas, T. Vaupotic, M. Lenassi, T. Kogej, and N. Gunde-Cimerman Adaptation of extremely halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii to increased osmolarity: a molecular perspective at a glance. Stud Mycol, January 1, 2008; 61: 67 - 75. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Tai, P. Daran-Lapujade, M. C. Walsh, J. T. Pronk, and J.-M. Daran Acclimation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Low Temperature: A Chemostat-based Transcriptome Analysis Mol. Biol. Cell, December 1, 2007; 18(12): 5100 - 5112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Zhao, R. Mehrabi, and J.-R. Xu Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways and Fungal Pathogenesis Eukaryot. Cell, October 1, 2007; 6(10): 1701 - 1714. [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Sekine, A. Kawaguchi, Y. Hamano, and H. Takagi Desensitization of Feedback Inhibition of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae {gamma}-Glutamyl Kinase Enhances Proline Accumulation and Freezing Tolerance Appl. Envir. Microbiol., June 15, 2007; 73(12): 4011 - 4019. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. R. Lew and N. N. Levina Turgor regulation in the osmosensitive cut mutant of Neurospora crassa Microbiology, May 1, 2007; 153(5): 1530 - 1537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Tai, P. Daran-Lapujade, M. A. H. Luttik, M. C. Walsh, J. A. Diderich, G. C. Krijger, W. M. van Gulik, J. T. Pronk, and J.-M. Daran Control of the Glycolytic Flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grown at Low Temperature: A MULTI-LEVEL ANALYSIS IN ANAEROBIC CHEMOSTAT CULTURES J. Biol. Chem., April 6, 2007; 282(14): 10243 - 10251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Zakrzewska, A. Boorsma, D. Delneri, S. Brul, S. G. Oliver, and F. M. Klis Cellular Processes and Pathways That Protect Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells against the Plasma Membrane-Perturbing Compound Chitosan Eukaryot. Cell, April 1, 2007; 6(4): 600 - 608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Rodriguez-Vargas, A. Sanchez-Garcia, J. M. Martinez-Rivas, J. A. Prieto, and F. Randez-Gil Fluidization of Membrane Lipids Enhances the Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Freezing and Salt Stress Appl. Envir. Microbiol., January 1, 2007; 73(1): 110 - 116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Sotelo and M. A. Rodriguez-Gabriel Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Hog1 Is Essential for the Response to Arsenite in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eukaryot. Cell, October 1, 2006; 5(10): 1826 - 1830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Hernandez-Lopez, F. Randez-Gil, and J. A. Prieto Hog1 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Plays Conserved and Distinct Roles in the Osmotolerant Yeast Torulaspora delbrueckii. Eukaryot. Cell, August 1, 2006; 5(8): 1410 - 1419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Hayashi and T. Maeda Activation of the HOG Pathway upon Cold Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biochem., April 1, 2006; 139(4): 797 - 803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]