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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M506108200 on December 28, 2005 Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M506108200 on December 19, 2005

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 8, 5106-5119, February 24, 2006
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Target Selectivity of Vertebrate Notch Proteins

COLLABORATION BETWEEN DISCRETE DOMAINS AND CSL-BINDING SITE ARCHITECTURE DETERMINES ACTIVATION PROBABILITY*Formula

Chin-Tong Ong{ddagger}1, Hui-Teng Cheng{ddagger}1, Li-Wei Chang§, Toshiyuki Ohtsuka||, Ryoichiro Kageyama||, Gary D. Stormo, and Raphael Kopan{ddagger}12

From the {ddagger}Departments of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology and of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, the §Department of Genetics, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and ||Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan

All four mammalian Notch proteins interact with a single DNA-binding protein (RBP-j{kappa}), yet they are not equivalent in activating target genes. Parallel assays of three Notch-responsive promoters in several cell lines revealed that relative activation strength is dependent on protein module and promoter context more than the cellular context. Each Notch protein reads binding site orientation and distribution on the promoter differently; Notch1 performs extremely well on paired sites, and Notch3 prefers single sites in conjunction with a proximal zinc finger transcription factor. Although head-head sites can elicit a Notch response on their own, use of CBS (CSL binding site) in tail-tail orientation is context-dependent. Bias for specific DNA elements is achieved by interplay between the N-terminal RAM (RBP-j{kappa}-associated molecule/ankyrin region), which interprets CBS proximity and orientation, and the C-terminal transactivation domain that interacts specifically with the transcription machinery or nearby factors. To confirm the prediction that modular design underscores the evolution of functional divergence between Notch proteins, we generated a synthetic Notch protein (Notch1 ankyrin with Notch3 transactivation domain) that displayed superior signaling strength on the hes5 promoter. Consistent with the prediction that "preferred" targets (Hes1) should respond faster and at lower Notch concentration than other targets, we showed that Hes5-GFP was extinguished fast and recovered slowly, whereas Hes1-GFP was inhibited late and recovered quickly after a pulse of DAPT in metanephroi cultures.


Received for publication, June 3, 2005 , and in revised form, December 9, 2005.

* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Formula The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains Figs. S1-S4 and Table S1.

1 Supported by National Institutes of Health Grants GM55479-09 and HD44056, and by Washington University.

2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kopan{at}wustl.edu.


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