HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 281, Issue 9, 5895-5907, March 3, 2006

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 281/9/5895    most recent M511631200v1 Submit a Letter to Editor Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Lu, X. Articles by Dziarski, R. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lu, X. Articles by Dziarski, R. Social Bookmarking                      What's this?

Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Are a New Class of Human Bactericidal Proteins^*

From the Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, Indiana 46408

Skin and mucous membranes come in contact with external environment and protect tissues from infections by producing antimicrobial peptides. We report that human peptidoglycan recognition proteins 3 and 4 (PGLYRP3 and PGLYRP4) are secreted as 89-115-kDa disulfide-linked homo- and heterodimers and are bactericidal against several pathogenic and nonpathogenic transient, but not normal flora, Gram-positive bacteria. PGLYRP3 and PGLYRP4 are also bacteriostatic toward all other tested bacteria, which include Gram-negative bacteria and normal flora Gram-positive bacteria. PGLYRP3 and PGLYRP4 are also active in vivo and protect mice against experimental lung infection. In contrast to antimicrobial peptides, PGLYRPs kill bacteria by interacting with their cell wall peptidoglycan, rather than permeabilizing their membranes. PGLYRP3 and PGLYRP4 are expressed in the skin, eyes, salivary glands, throat, tongue, esophagus, stomach, and intestine. Thus, we have identified the function of mammalian PGLYRP3 and PGLYRP4, and show that they are a new class of bactericidal and bacteriostatic proteins that have different structures, mechanism of actions, and expression patterns than antimicrobial peptides.

Received for publication, October 27, 2005 , and in revised form, December 5, 2005.

^* This work was supported by United States Public Health Service Grants AI56395 and AI2879 from the National Institutes of Health. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

¹ Both authors contributed equally to this work.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 219-980-6535; Fax: 219-980-6566; E-mail: rdziar{at}iun.edu.

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P. C. F. Oyston, M. A. Fox, S. J. Richards, and G. C. Clark Novel peptide therapeutics for treatment of infections J. Med. Microbiol., August 1, 2009; 58(8): 977 - 987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. D. Lippolis Immunological signaling networks: Integrating the body's immune response J Anim Sci, April 1, 2008; 86(14_suppl): E53 - E63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Harder, R. Glaser, and J.-M. Schroder Review: Human antimicrobial proteins effectors of innate immunity Innate Immunity, December 1, 2007; 13(6): 317 - 338. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. Cho, Q. Wang, C. P. Swaminathan, D. Hesek, M. Lee, G.-J. Boons, S. Mobashery, and R. A. Mariuzza Structural insights into the bactericidal mechanism of human peptidoglycan recognition proteins PNAS, May 22, 2007; 104(21): 8761 - 8766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Wang, L.-H. Liu, S. Wang, X. Li, X. Lu, D. Gupta, and R. Dziarski Human Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Require Zinc to Kill Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria and Are Synergistic with Antibacterial Peptides J. Immunol., March 1, 2007; 178(5): 3116 - 3125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Li, S. Wang, H. Wang, and D. Gupta Differential Expression of Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 2 in the Skin and Liver Requires Different Transcription Factors J. Biol. Chem., July 28, 2006; 281(30): 20738 - 20748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]